If you do not have a network router, then you clearly do not do routing.
To be able to perform packet routing, there are things that must be known:
Destination address
* Router-router neighbors from which a router can learn about a remote network
* Route may be a network to all remote
* Route best network for each remote
Router save routing table that describes the how to find the network-network-remote.Jenis type of routing are:
* Static Routing
* Default Routing
* Dynamic Routing
IP Routing Process
Default gateway of host 172.16.10.2 (Host_A) configured to 172.16.10.1. To be able to send this package to the default gateway, should be known before the hardware address of Ethernet 0 interface of the router (which is configured with an IP address is 172.16.10.1). Why? So that the package can be submitted to the Data Link layer, and dienkapsulasi into the frame, and sent to the router interface connected to network 172.16.10.0. Host to communicate only with the hardware address on the local LAN. It is important to understand that Host_A, in order to communicate with Host_B, must send the packet to the MAC address of the default gateway on the local network.
Static Routing
Static routing occurs if the administrator to manually add the route-route routing table of each router.
Static routing has kentungan-profit follows:
* No overhead (processing time) on the CPU router (router is cheaper than the dynamic routeng)
* There is no bandwidth is used between the routers.
* Static Routing increase security, because the administrator can choose to put in access to certain network routing only.
Static routing has a loss-loss below:
* Administration must truly understand the internetwork and how each router is connected to configure the router correctly.
* If a network is added to the internetwork, Administration must add a route all the router-manually.
* Static Routing is not suitable for network-network as a big guard will become a full-time job itself.
Default Routing
Default routing is used to send packages to manually add a network router to a remote destination that is not in routing table, to the next hop router. Bisanya used on the network you only have one path out.
Dynamic Routing
Dynamic routing is the routing protocol used to find the network and update its routing table on the router. And this is easier than using static and default routing, but it will differentiate you in terms of processes in the router CPU and bandwidth usage of network link
Routed and Routing Protocol
Protocol is no other description of formal or rule-set and the conversion rule that determines how the devices in a network exchange information. Following two types of basic protocol.
* Routed protocol
It is the protocols that can dirutekan by a router. Routed protocol allows the router to properly interpret the logical network. Examples of routed protocols: IP, IPX, AppleTalk, and DECnet.
* Routing protocol
Protocols are used to treat routing table on the router-router. Example of OSPF routing protocol, among others, RIP, BGP, IGRP, and EIGRP
RIP Routing Information Protocol. Distance vector protocol - treat a list of distance to other network-network based on the number of hop, ie, the number of routers that must be lalui by packets to reach the destination address. RIP is limited to 15 hop. Broadcast on the update in every 30 seconds for all RIP router in order to maintain integrity. RIP dimplementasikan suitable for small networks.
OSPF Open shortest Path First. Link-state protocol using a metric based on the speed of the network to define paths to other networks. Each router treat simple map of the entire network. Update-update is done via multicast, and sent. If configuration changes occur. OSPF is suitable for large networks.
EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. Distance-vector protocol treat a set of metric distance for the complex to the other network. EIGRP is also combines the concept of a link state protocol. Broadcast-in-update broadcast every 90 seconds to close all EIGRP routers. Each update only enter changes in the network. EIGRP is very suitable for large networks.
BGP is a distance vector exterior gateway protocol that works intelligently to treat paths to other networks. Up-date update is sent via TCP connections.
Administrative Distance
Administrative distance (abbreviated AD) is used to measure the so-called to-be-trusted-an from the routing information received by a router from a neighbor router. AD is an integer number from 0 to 255, where 0 is the most trusted and 255 means no traffic akan akan data through this route.
If the router receives two updates on the same remote network, then the first thing that is checked by the router AD. If one route from the advertised (to be announced by another router) has a lower AD than the other, then the route with the lowest-AD will be routed table.
If the second route that has advertised in the same AD, then called the metric of the routing protocol (such as chief or the amount of bandwidth of the connection) will be used to find the best path to a remote network. If still the same metric and the second AD, then use load-balance (load balancing).
The following table shows the default AD is used by a Cisco router to decide which route will be to a remote network.
Source route
Default AD
Interface that connects directly
0
Static Route
1
EIGRP
90
IGRP
100
OSPF
110
RIP
120
External EIGRP
170
Unknown
255 (ever use)
Routing Protocol
There are three routing protocol klas
Distance vector protocol Distance-vector find the best path to a remote network with the distance rate. Hop route with a distance of at least to the network dituju, akan, a best route. Both RIP and IGRP routing protocols are distance-vector type. RIP and IGRP send routing table to all the router-router that connects the lansung.
Or a link state protocol is also called shortest-path-first, each router will create three separate table. One of this table will record the changes of the network-network that is connected directly, one other table determine the overall topology of the internetwork, and the last table is used as routing table. OSPF is an IP routing protocol that is link-state. Link-state protocols send updates containing the update status of their own link to all other routers in the network.
Hybrid protocols using hybrid aspects of the routing protocol type of distance-vector routing protocol and the type of link-state-as an example is EIGRP.
Routing Protocol Distance-Vector Type
Routing algorithm Distance-vector routing tables to send the content you complete the router to neighboring routers, and then you combine entries in the routing table with the received routing table that they have, to complete the router's routing table.
1. RIP
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) to send a full routing table to all active interfaces every 30 seconds. RIP only uses hop number to determine the best way to a remote network, but RIP has a default value of the maximum hop number of licensed, that is 15, does not mean that the value of 16 (unreachable). RIP works well in small networks, but RIP is not efficient in large networks with WAN link or a network that uses a lot of router.
RIP V1 uses clasfull routing, which means that all equipment in the network must menggunkan the same subnet mask. This is because RIP V1 does not send updates with subnet mask information in it. RIP v2 provides something called the routing prefix, and can send subnet mask information with the update-update from the route. This is called classless routing
1. IGRP
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) routing protocol is a type of distance-vector property cisco (cisco-proprietary). This means all you need a router for cisco router using IGRP dijaringan you.
IGRP has a maximum hop number is 255, with a default value 100. This lack of help on the RIP.
2. EIGRP
Enhance Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a routing protocol
distance-vector property cisco (cisco-proprietary) that have been improved, which gives an advantage compared to IGRP. Both use the concept of an Autonomous system to describe the collection of router-router is contiguous (berentetan, the sides) that run the same routing protocol and share routing information. But EIGRP subnet mask entered into the update its route. So that allows us to use VLSM and perangkuman (summarization). EIGRP has a maximum hop number of 255. EIGRP following features that are far better than IGRP
* Support for IP, IPX, and AppleTalk through modules that are protocol dependent
* Searching the neighboring network efficiently
* Communication via Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)
* Immigration best path through the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
Routing Protocol Types of link-state
Open shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is an open standard by dimplementasikan I have been a number of network vendors. If you have a lot of the router, and everything is not cisco, you can not use EIGRP, so your choice to stay RIP V1, RIP v2 or OSPF. If the network is large, then your choice is the only OSPF or do something called route redistribution-a translation service inter-routing protocol.
OSPF works by an algorithm called the Dijkstra algorithm. First cut a tree path (shortest path tree) will be built, and then the routing table will be filled with the best path-path tree from the resultant tesebut. OSPF only supports IP routing only.
